Learn how to draw cartoons by searching and tracing cartoon drawings draw with your mouse or drawing tablet save your drawing as image, video or flash animation share your drawing to facebook, twitter and youtube. The first one doesnt have all the functions that the pro version has, plus the debut version is a bit more restricted in terms of possible length and image size. In vector geometry, orthogonal indicates two vectors that are perpendicular to each other. Physics of cutting mechanics force, power tool materials design for manufacturing 2. Sketch a single edge cutting tool and label the a face, b flank, c nose, d cutting edge, e relief, f shank. Many studies and experiments were performed since beginning of the 20th century.
Two elements u and v of a vector space with bilinear form b are orthogonal when bu, v 0. Oblique cutting implemented in industrial applications. In the shear zone, the material constitutive relationship is described by johnsoncook model, and the. Animate cc and after effects are great choices for playing around with 2d animation in both a handdrawn form or by creating puppets, while character animator doesnt require any drawing at all, and uses your face as the driver for the animation. Pdf fem tools for cutting process modelling and simulation. What is the difference between oblique and orthogonal cutting. Some simulate metal, some plastic and even a few for skin and hair. Its comprehensive software can be used with many different attachments, such as a device that controls the camera, lights and even pull. In computer programming, orthogonality means that operations change just one thing without affecting others. Ies swapan kumar mondal sir is ies officer railway, gate topper, ntpc et2003 batch, 12 years teaching experienced. We have set up a lathe and are doing an orthogonal cut.
I am trying to simulate a 2d orthogonal cutting operation of bone at a velocity of. Development of predictive force models for classical. Mechanism of metal cutting orthogonal cutting process cutting forces in orthogonal cutting process oblique cutting process e4education. In mathematics, orthogonality is the generalization of the notion of perpendicularity to the linear algebra of bilinear forms. The term is mostfrequently used regarding assembly instruction sets, as orthogonal instruction set orthogonality in a programming language means that a relatively small set of primitive constructs can be combined in a relatively small number of ways to build the control and data.
This paper presents an analytical method based on the unequal division shearzone model to study the machining predictive theory. Aug 16, 2017 orthogonal machining in the orthogonal machining chip always flow along the orthogonal plane, in this video you will learn what is orhogonal machining and different angles in orthogonal machining. Analytical prediction of cutting forces in orthogonal cutting. In the last decades, the modelling and simulation of machining processes be came very important for researchers. Orthogonal, in a computing context, describes a situation where a programming language or data object is can be used without considering its after effects towards other program functions. Theory of metal cutting 1 define the following tool angles in asa system of tool signature and show them by drawing a neat sketch of single point cutting tool. Orthogonal cutting lab orthogonal cutting lab overview. Kim 3 orthogonal cutting in a lathe rake angle shear angle t o. Oblique cutting involves principal and auxiliary cutting edges in the cutting action which increases friction and advances wear in the cutting tool.
If the cutting face of the tool is at 90 o to the direction of the tool travel the cutting action is called as orthogonal cutting. He is the mechanical engineering faculty in made easy and is expert in som and production he is expert in every subject, he is known for his jugaaad. Metal cutting could be done either by a single point cutting tool or a multi point cutting tool. Determination of orthogonal cutting force coefficients the experimental identification of orthogonal cutting coefficients is conducted as follows. The cutting conditions result in a chip ratio of 0. In orthogonal cutting, the tool approaches the work piece with its cutting edge parallel to the uncut surface and at right angles to the direction of cutting. What will happen at different cutting speeds, from very slow to very fast. Hence orthogonality of vectors is an extension of the concept of perpendicular vectors to spaces of any dimension. To adjust the cat rig while in animation mode, see the solution in this forum thread. Orthogonal array testing strategy oats is a systematic, statistical way of testing pairwise interactions.
This paper presents the modelling and simulation analysis of the orthogonal cutting. Softwares getting cheaper or even free, and most modern computers can handle the more simple animation. In euclidean space, two vectors are orthogonal if and only if their dot product is zero, i. The proposed model only requires workpiece material properties and cutting conditions to predict the cutting forces during the orthogonal cutting process. Orthogonal cutting vs oblique cutting explained duration. The merchants model, as the most famous approach of orthogonal cutting, is widely used in introductive courses on machining. The tool in orthogonal cutting has only two elements of geometry. In oblique cutting, the cutting edge of the tool is inclined at an acute angle with. Analytical prediction of cutting forces in orthogonal. Oct 16, 2010 this paper presents an analytical method based on the unequal division shearzone model to study the machining predictive theory. First analytical models of orthogonal cutting were create on the base of experiments. Theory of metal cutting s k mondal notes for gate, ies. Orthogonal array testing great pairwise testing techniques. Cutting tool signature, nomenclature, designation, geometry animation.
Turning forces for orthogonal model end view section aa note. There is a wide range of cutting operations such as turning, milling, drilling, grinding, etc. Dragonframe is the industry standard for stopmotion animation, and was used on films such as kubo and the two strings and shaun the sheep if youre planning on making a professional stop motion video, dragonframe is the best tool for the job. The general purpose of analytical models is to estimate global output variables. Orthogonal array is a method of choosing a set of tests from a universe of tests, to make the testing efficient and effective. Read more according to a recent poll of doctors by epocrates, onethird of physicians planned to purchase the ipad mini prior to its public announcement. Therefore, simulation results must be assessed with all process variables and. The rake angle on the tool in the direction of chip flow is.
So since the columns of at are orthonormal, which means the rows of aare orthonormal. The merchants model of orthogonal cutting revisited. Similar to movie editing software, motionbuilder will enable you to cut and stitch together different movements the key difference is though that instead of hard. The cutting forces in turning operations are successfully predicted by. Orthogonal cutting doesnt have those complexities, but oblique cutting is found to be used in more often in an industrial setting. Orthogonal cutting lab instructions orthogonal cutting. The extended general usage of orthogonal is where two things vary. Shear strength of metal along shear plane is not affected by normal stress. Orthogonal cutting lab instructions orthogonal cutting lab.
The tube wall thickness is the width of cut in this orthogonal cutting process and may be. Which of the following are characteristics of the orthogonal cutting model three best answers. Cartoon drawing software is an easytouse drawing software for drawing cartoons. Local bone values cannot be manually entered or changed in the scale transform typein window in setup mode. Most of the programs below are inexpensive and relatively easy to learn.
Discontinuouschip is formed into separated segments. Moho is a proprietary vectorbased 2d animation software for animators. Determine a the shear strength of the work material and b the coefficient of friction in the operation. The wearland forces and edge forces are taken into consideration by the integration of elemental forces on the tool flank and the cutting edge, respectively. Friction is found to be the most critical parameter in the simulation, since good agreement can be achieved for individual process variables by tuning it. Among the first orthogonal cutting models are those of merchant, lee and. Ianimate3d can be used to quickly build impressive and highly detailed animation sequences to be used to visualize. First analytical models of orthogonal cutting were create on the base of experiments and empirically based research. Curling with chip breaker tools in metal cutting part i. For the 2d orthogonal mechanistic model we will ignore the longitudinal component 14.
The presented results were gained in the project he 16561461 modelling and compensation of thermic processing influence for short hole drilling within the priority program spp 1480 modelling, simulation and compensation of thermal effects for complex machining processes cutsim, which was funded by the german research foundation dfg. By the previous problem, we know also that a 1 at is orthogonal. The orthogonal complement of a subspace is the space of all. An eulerian reference coordinate is used to describe the steady state motion of the workpiece relative to a stationary cutting tool. This makes it possible to model the process of chip formation with a plane strain assumption, considering a chip width w much larger than its thickness e. Orthogonal and oblique cuttingfor lathe and planner. Using the orthogonal model as an approximation of turning, determine. Orthogonality in a programming language means that a relatively small set of primitive constructs can be combined in a relatively small number of ways to build the control and data structures of the language. Modelling of orthogonal cutting processes with the method. The basic and main difference between orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting is that in orthogonal cutting, the cutting edge of the tool is perpendicular to the direction of motion but in oblique cutting, the cutting edge makes an angle with the d.
Based on the input conditions chip breaker parameters and cutting conditions, a computer program is developed to convert the parametric prediction into a series of dynamic. Additionally, he has interested in product design, animation, and project design. The rake angle in an orthogonal cutting operation 12 o. Thus tool approach angle and cutting edge inclination are zero. Difference between orthogonal and oblique cutting orthogonal cutting in orthogonal. There are two basic types of metal cutting by a single point cutting tool. The xyextract software is used for to extract data from a 2d graph orthogonal and nonorthogonal axes contained in a graphic file scanned, pdf document or in a some file like gif, jpg, etc.
Sk mondal sir is one of the most famous faculty of engineering. Depending on the bilinear form, the vector space may contain nonzero selforthogonal vectors. Name and briefly describe the four types of chips that occur in metal cutting. In the case of function spaces, families of orthogonal functions are used to form a. The diameter is reduced using a turning operation at a cutting speed of 400 ftmin. Pair wise testing technique is used as a methodology on orthogonal array implementation. Computer animation of 3d chip formation in oblique machining. Local scale in setup mode when working with cat rigs, sometimes the absolute.
Cutting tool signature, nomenclature, designation, geometry animation duration. Calculate a the shear plane angle and b the shear strain for the operation. Blade shaped cutter will be forced into a piece of aluminum or brass, shearing off a piece. This type of cutting is also known as twodimensional cutting. Orthogonal cutting model simplifies 3d cutting with a 2d model. Orthogonal projection drawing software free download. Orthogonal cutting process an orthogonal metal cutting process for a controlled contact tool is depicted in figure 1 with labels illustrating the nomenclatures used in this paper. Orthogonal cutting involves the use of a wedgeshaped tool in which the cutting edge is perpendicular to the direction of speed motion into the work material.
However, the shear angle predicted by the merchants model from the criterion of minimization of the cutting energy, does not generally agree. This force is usually determined in experimental work, from the measurement of two orthogonal components. This post was previously on the pathfinder software site. It could be with puppets, cutout characters, or lego figures. However, the shear angle predicted by the merchants model from the criterion of minimization of the cutting energy, does not generally agree with experimental data and numerical simulations. Looking for the best animation software to create beautiful 2d and 3d visuals. Difference between orthogonal and oblique cutting orthogonal cutting in orthogonal cutting, the tool approaches the work piece with its cutting edge parallel to the uncut surface and at right angles to the direction of cutting. In orthogonal cutting, the resultant force r applied to the chip by tool lies in a plane normal to the tool cutting edge.
The entire table will be filled out on the backside of the lab. Launch the group orthogonal supersaturated designs platform. Dwango has launched the opentoonz project in cooperation with digital video and studio ghibli. For the 2d orthogonal mechanistic model we will ignore the radial component f t a a c f. Based on the software toonz, developed by digital video s.
298 720 660 1261 1315 91 1223 1337 41 530 172 389 1533 1362 747 695 1555 1424 1229 879 225 1238 310 1340 899 223 633 206 1499 181 755 916 712 266 588 149